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Termites are less likely to be assaulted by fleas than bees, wasps and ants, as they're generally well protected in their own mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by many different parasites. Some of these include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and a high number of nematode parasites. Most nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only takes place when a colony is under great stress. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behavior depends on the type of termite. By way of instance, certain species feed on the timber structures that they inhabit, and many others harvest food that's near the nest.132 Most workers are seldom found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food source, they communicate with other soldiers and a small force of employees starts to emerge. In the second phase, employees appear in massive numbers at the website. The third stage is marked by a drop in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of workers.136 Isolated researchers may engage in Lvy flight behaviour within an optimised strategy for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies consistently ends in agonistic behaviour towards one another, resulting in struggles. These fights can lead to mortality on both sides and, in some cases, the gain or reduction of land.138139"Cemetery pits" may be present, where the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies indicate that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, a few of the termites deliberately block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from different colonies found in exploratory tunnels leads to the isolation of the region and thus the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two competitors does not always occur.
Since C. formosanus colonies can get into physical conflict, some termites squeeze tightly into foraging tunnels and perish, effectively blocking the tunnel and ending all agonistic actions.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens may compete with one another to become the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This struggle among the queens leads to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, together with all the king, takes over the colony.145
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Ants and termites may compete with each other for nesting click reference space. In particular, ants that prey on termites normally have a negative effect on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, therefore communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These means of communication are used in a variety of activities, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common method of communicating is through antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (that can be transmitted when workers are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alarm, trail and sex pheromones.
Route pheromones are secreted in the sternal gland, and gender pheromones derive from 2 glandular resources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites head out to search for meals, they forage in columns along the ground through vegetation. A trail can be identified by the faecal deposits or runways which are covered by items.
When termites construct their neststhey use predominantly indirect communication. No single termite are in charge of any specific construction job. Individual termites respond rather than think, however in a set level, they display a sort of collective cognition. Particular structures or other items like pellets of soil or pillars cause termites to start building.
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The result is a self-organised process where the information that directs termite activity results from changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through chemical communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is Due to genetic and environmental factors such as the termites' diet andThe composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.